Quiz DI

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Question 2 / 30

The MOST important issue a researcher has to decide is :

Research Question

The Outcome of interest

Study design

The factor

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Question 3 / 30

Is treatment A superior to treatment B in improving mortality outcomes?

Treatment is the outcome of interest and mortality is the factor.

Treatment A is the outcome and treatment B is the factor.

There are no outcomes because the research question is vauge.

Treatment is the factor, and mortality is the outcome.

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Question 4 / 30

A good study design always include :

The outcome of interest

The Factor

All of the above

None of the Above

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Question 5 / 30

The Study Design is dictated by the ...

Factor

Outcome of Interest

Outcome

Research question

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Question 6 / 30

What is the GOLD STANDARD study design in humans that confirms causation (Shows cause and effect)?

Case Series

Cohort Study

A randomized controlled trial

Case Report

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Question 7 / 30

What is a Case Report?

Descriptive account of a group of subjects with unusual observed characteristics

A simple descriptive account of interesting/unusual characteristics observed in a one patient

Easy to write and implement

Composed of a series of case reports

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Question 8 / 30

What is a descriptive account of a group of subjects with unusual observed characteristics? It is also composed of a series of case reports.

Case series

Cohort study

Case report

Randomized controlled trial

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Question 9 / 30

How is it called when information on your factor and outcome are collected at one time period (snapshot in time) (Surveys)?

Cohort study

Cross Sectional Study

Case series

Case report

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Question 10 / 30

What is/are the advantage(s) of Cross Sectional?

Best for determining the current status of related to your factor and outcome.

Cannot show cause and effect.

Easy to implement and quick to complete.

Only A and C are correct.

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Question 11 / 30

What is/are the advantage(s) of Case series?

Easy to write and implement.

Gives us detailed description of unusual phenomena in the clinic setting.

Both A and B are right.

None of the Above

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Question 12 / 30

What is/are the Disadvantage(s) of Case Control?

Quick to implement and complete

Selection of Cases and appropriate controls can be problematic

Relatively Cheap

Great for studying rare diseases

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Question 13 / 30

Case Control ______________________________ .

Begins with the absence or presence of a condition and looks back to identify factors that may influence the current condition and Sometimes called retrospective studies

Cannot show cause and effect

Is best for determining the current status of related to your factor and outcome

Means information on your factor and outcome are collected at one time period (snapshot in time)

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Question 14 / 30

What is/are the Disadvantage(s) of Case series?

Very Susceptible to bias.

Cannot determine Causation.

Easy to write and implement.

Both A and B are correct.

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Question 15 / 30

What is/are the Disadvantage(s) of Cohort?

Can take too long.

Can be rather expensive.

Loss to follow-up.

All of the above.

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Question 16 / 30

What is Cohort?

Begins with the absence or presence of a condition and looks back to identify factors that may influence the current condition

Examples : Surveys

Sometimes called retrospective studies

A group of individuals with common characteristics that are studied over time (Followed Forward)

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Question 17 / 30

What is a half-life?

Is the amount of time required for a quantity to fall to half its value as measured at the ending of the time period

Is the amount of time required for a quantity to fall to all its value as measured at the beginning of the time period

Is the amount of time required for a quantity to fall to half its value as measured at the beginning of the time period

None of the above

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Question 18 / 30

Confounding Variable is is an extraneous variable (i. e. , a variable that is not a focus of the study) that is statistically related to (or correlated with) the independent variable. True or False?

True

False

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Question 19 / 30

In the interpersonal communication model, the sender

Receives and decode the message and assign a particular meaning to it

Transmits a message to another person

Is the element that is transmitted from one person to another

Both A and C are correct

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Question 20 / 30

What type of blinding can be incorporated into RCT?

Single Blinding

Single and double blinding

No blinding

Double blinding

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Question 21 / 30

True or False : Good manufacturing practice (GMP) are are guidelines that provide a system of processes, procedures and documentation to assure a product has the identity, strength, composition, quality and purity that appear on its label.

Flase

True

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Question 22 / 30

What is consumer education?

It is a process that equips people to function as responsible consumers in a complex, technological society.

It helps them understand their value systems ; develop sound decision-making procedures in the market place.

Recognise their rights and responsibilities ; and understand the cumulative affect of consumer decisions on the community, economy and environment.

All of the above

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Question 23 / 30

What is consumer education to consumer advocate?

Education is viewed as information to help him/ her to make better choices of goods and services in the market place.

Consumer education is viewed as consumer education as development of skills and knowledge that assist consumers to play their role effectively in the market place.

Consumer education is viewed as providing information to consumers to protect them from fraudulent trade practices and exploitative market operation.

Consumer education is viewed as activities that assists in selling services and products.

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Question 24 / 30

Which of the following P-value is associated with an effect that is statistically significant?

A p-value >0. 05

A p-value <0. 05

A p-value =0. 05

A p-value ≥0. 05

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Question 25 / 30

What does the CYP in CYP2D6 stand for?

Genetic Sub-Family

Cytochrome P450

Specific gene

Genetic family

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Question 26 / 30

In cyp2c9, we can say ___________________________ .

C is the genetic family, 2 is the specific gene and 9 is the genetic sub-family

9 is the genetic family, C is the specific gene and 2 is the genetic sub-family

2 is Cytochrome P450, C is the specific gene and 9 is the genetic family

2 is the genetic family, 9 is the specific gene and C is the genetic sub-family

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Question 27 / 30

Which of these is/are way(s) to minimizing bias?

Increase the sample size.

Use primary date if available.

Consistency and having a p value >0. 05.

All of the above are correct.

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Question 28 / 30

Research question : Is bottle-feeding related to an increased risk of diarrhea in infants?

Mother's education is a possible confounding variable.

Diarrhea is the factor.

Bottle-feeding is the outcome of interest.

All of the above are correct.

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Question 29 / 30

Any type of error, which if introduced in a study, makes the researcher wrongly conclude on the effect of a factor on an outcome - this is called ...

Research question

Case-Control

Bias

Cohort study

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Question 30 / 30

In general, bias either happens during ...

Implementation of the rules

Selection of study subjects

Collection of information from subjects

B and C are correct

What is a study design?

The MOST important issue a researcher has to decide is :

Is treatment A superior to treatment B in improving mortality outcomes?

A good study design always include :

The Study Design is dictated by the ...

What is the GOLD STANDARD study design in humans that confirms causation (Shows cause and effect)?

What is a Case Report?

What is a descriptive account of a group of subjects with unusual observed characteristics? It is also composed of a series of case reports.

How is it called when information on your factor and outcome are collected at one time period (snapshot in time) (Surveys)?

What is/are the advantage(s) of Cross Sectional?

What is/are the advantage(s) of Case series?

What is/are the Disadvantage(s) of Case Control?

Case Control ______________________________ .

What is/are the Disadvantage(s) of Case series?

What is/are the Disadvantage(s) of Cohort?

What is Cohort?

What is a half-life?

Confounding Variable is is an extraneous variable (i. e. , a variable that is not a focus of the study) that is statistically related to (or correlated with) the independent variable. True or False?

In the interpersonal communication model, the sender

What type of blinding can be incorporated into RCT?

True or False : Good manufacturing practice (GMP) are are guidelines that provide a system of processes, procedures and documentation to assure a product has the identity, strength, composition, quality and purity that appear on its label.

What is consumer education?

What is consumer education to consumer advocate?

Which of the following P-value is associated with an effect that is statistically significant?

What does the CYP in CYP2D6 stand for?

In cyp2c9, we can say ___________________________ .

Which of these is/are way(s) to minimizing bias?

Research question : Is bottle-feeding related to an increased risk of diarrhea in infants?

Any type of error, which if introduced in a study, makes the researcher wrongly conclude on the effect of a factor on an outcome - this is called ...

In general, bias either happens during ...

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